中評社香港/華盛頓郵報將于5月18日發表美國時代周刊北京分社社長傅睦友(Matthew
Forney)撰寫的題為《災難是如何提升中國自信的》文章,稱目前這場舉國上下齊心抗震
救災的民族運動,已從以往“一致對外”,轉向了“向內轉變”,_向世界證明了自己
的自信心。
文章說,大規模破坏圖片和個人的勇气,正激勵全中國的普通百姓為遠在喜馬拉雅
山區的地震災民捐錢捐物。
這种民族意識的目的,可能看起來很象美國人在卡特里娜颶風襲擊新奧爾良后的普
遍反應,但目前正在中國所發生的一切則是全新而意義重大的。
這標志著在中國近代歷史上,第一次普通中國人都參与到一場民族運動當中,而這
樣的運動卻不是去抗議外國勢力。直到現在,中國一直把自身定義為“我們与他們”,
但今天,它卻變成“(只有)我們沒有他們”。這种變化對今年夏天的北京奧運會,甚至
對未來的中國自信心,可能都具有深遠和積极的影響。
直到5月12日的大地震發生前,中國普遍存在著一种挫折感。中國人已把北京奧運
會視為對這個國家進步的一种肯定,但當他們環顧世界時,卻發現有人在為著蘇丹、西
藏等事件指責自己國家。
甚至,連緬甸政府在遭到台風襲擊后不愿接受外國援助,中國也要令人奇怪地遭人
指責。中國人對這些國家政策沒有疑問,絕大多數人覺得是世界違反了一項約定奧運會
理應得到贊美,而不是譴責。
這些感情的背叛,可以用3月份在互聯网上出現的一首极受歡迎的詩歌來概括。這
首題為《中國人的不滿》的詩寫道:
當我們閉關鎖國的時候,你們把鴉片走私到開放市場。當我們擁抱自由貿易的時
候,你們責備我們拿走了你們的工作机會。當我們建立我們自己工業的時候,你們叫我
們環境污染者。當我們向你們出口貨物的時候,你們責備我們造成了全球气候變暖。
這首共有32行的詩歌還寫道:當我們擁有10億人口的時候,你們說我們在破坏這個
星球。當我們努力控制人口的時候,你們說我們濫用人權。當我們沉默的時候,你們說
你們想讓我們言論自由。當我們不再沉默的時候,你們又說我們是被洗腦了。
華盛頓郵報的文章稱,中國人對外國人的敏感態度_無新意。在過去几十年里,群
眾對民族凝聚力的表達,始終來自于針對其它國家的受害者般的共同責任感。比如說,
近几年發生的兩次反美示威和數次大規模的反日游行,以及今年因親藏獨者扰亂奧運火
炬在巴黎的傳遞而引發的反法示威。
文章稱,沒有人質疑中國在殖民國家手中所遭受的苦難,但中國只有抖落背上的歷
史負擔,只有從內部激發民族團結意識,才會變成為一個自信而現代的國家。
四川大地震是個悲慘的災難,但其長遠影響可能會被證明是有益的,這些影響會幫
助中國形成自己的現代身分。
華盛頓郵報說,大地震後中國政府的積極回應,已讓許多中國人引以自豪,至少從
現在來看是這樣的。地震發生在中國最偏遠的交通最不便的地區。但震區的地方官員都
堅守自己的崗位,把原有的應急計划投入運行中,他們的協調活動遠遠好過對一個發展
中國家,或者對許多發達國家的預期。
在地震災區現場,中國總理溫家寶通過擴音器高聲鼓舞著士气,他還与幸存者低聲
交談,他告訴一名惊恐萬分的孤兒“政府會照顧你們”。
此外,中國媒体已經充分利用了正在放開的自由,向全國人民提供著有關災區的傷
心故事,報導著抗震救災的最新努力。与以往相比,至少中國的宣傳机构還沒有把救災
努力變成另一場聲勢浩大的宣傳活動。媒体獲得的自由也讓不少人希望,新的開放精神
能夠讓中國記者去調查,那么多建筑倒塌的原因,以及被派遣到災區的救援部隊是否攜
帶了足夠的裝備。
曾在中國生活了多年的傅睦友還在文章中接著寫道:在地震發生后,我從中國電視
節目中所看到的一切,已遠遠胜過10年前我所看到的對長江流域抗洪搶險的報導。
在這些令人鼓舞的方面,世界所看到的中國人的團結,是最熟悉的很少帶有令人惊
嘆的特點。由于毀滅性的災難正困扰四川,中國人現在就“向內轉變”是健康的。
不幸的災難,突然讓奧運會都變得不是非常重要了,甚至政府官方都承認了這一
點,縮小了火炬傳遞規模,而聖火的海外傳遞是如此不順,國內傳遞又是如此大受歡
迎。
文章最后說,中國不需要再向世界證明什麼了。通過四川的悲劇來看中國人民,它已
經充分證實了自己。
中评社香港/华盛顿邮报将于5月18日发表美国时代周刊北京分社社长傅睦友(Matthew
Forney)撰写的题为《灾难是如何提升中国自信的》文章,称目前这场举国上下齐心抗震
救灾的民族运动,已从以往“一致对外”,转向了“向内转变”,_向世界證明了自己
的自信心。
文章说,大规模破坏图片和个人的勇气,正激励全中国的普通百姓为远在喜马拉雅
山区的地震灾民捐钱捐物。
这种民族意识的目的,可能看起来很象美国人在卡特里娜飓风袭击新奥尔良后的普
遍反应,但目前正在中国所发生的一切则是全新而意义重大的。
这标志著在中国近代历史上,第一次普通中国人都参与到一场民族运动当中,而这
样的运动却不是去抗议外国势力。直到现在,中国一直把自身定义为“我们与他们”,
但今天,它却变成“(只有)我们没有他们”。这种变化对今年夏天的北京奥运会,甚至
对未来的中国自信心,可能都具有深远和积极的影响。
直到5月12日的大地震发生前,中国普遍存在著一种挫折感。中国人已把北京奥运
会视为对这个国家进步的一种肯定,但当他们环顾世界时,却发现有人在为著苏丹、西
藏等事件指责自己国家。
甚至,连缅甸政府在遭到台风袭击后不愿接受外国援助,中国也要令人奇怪地遭人
指责。中国人对这些国家政策没有疑问,绝大多数人觉得是世界违反了一项约定奥运会
理应得到赞美,而不是谴责。
这些感情的背叛,可以用3月份在互联网上出现的一首极受欢迎的诗歌来概括。这
首题为《中国人的不满》的诗写道:
当我们闭关锁国的时候,你们把鸦片走私到开放市场。当我们拥抱自由贸易的时
候,你们责备我们拿走了你们的工作机会。当我们建立我们自己工业的时候,你们叫我
们环境污染者。当我们向你们出口货物的时候,你们责备我们造成了全球气候变暖。
这首共有32行的诗歌还写道:当我们拥有10亿人口的时候,你们说我们在破坏这个
星球。当我们努力控制人口的时候,你们说我们滥用人权。当我们沉默的时候,你们说
你们想让我们言论自由。当我们不再沉默的时候,你们又说我们是被洗脑了。
华盛顿邮报的文章称,中国人对外国人的敏感态度_无新意。在过去几十年里,群
众对民族凝聚力的表达,始终来自于针对其它国家的受害者般的共同责任感。比如说,
近几年发生的两次反美示威和数次大规模的反日游行,以及今年因亲藏独者扰乱奥运火
炬在巴黎的传递而引发的反法示威。
文章称,没有人质疑中国在殖民国家手中所遭受的苦难,但中国只有抖落背上的历
史负担,只有从内部激发民族团结意识,才会变成为一个自信而现代的国家。
四川大地震是个悲惨的灾难,但其长远影响可能会被證明是有益的,这些影响会帮
助中国形成自己的现代身分。
华盛顿邮报说,大地震後中国政府的积极回应,已让许多中国人引以自豪,至少从
现在来看是这样的。地震发生在中国最偏远的交通最不便的地区。但震区的地方官员都
坚守自己的岗位,把原有的应急计划投入运行中,他们的协调活动远远好过对一个发展
中国家,或者对许多发达国家的预期。
在地震灾区现场,中国总理温家宝通过扩音器高声鼓舞著士气,他还与幸存者低声
交谈,他告诉一名惊恐万分的孤儿“政府会照顾你们”。
此外,中国媒体已经充分利用了正在放开的自由,向全国人民提供著有关灾区的伤
心故事,报导著抗震救灾的最新努力。与以往相比,至少中国的宣传机构还没有把救灾
努力变成另一场声势浩大的宣传活动。媒体获得的自由也让不少人希望,新的开放精神
能够让中国记者去调查,那么多建筑倒塌的原因,以及被派遣到灾区的救援部队是否携
带了足够的装备。
曾在中国生活了多年的傅睦友还在文章中接著写道:在地震发生后,我从中国电视
节目中所看到的一切,已远远胜过10年前我所看到的对长江流域抗洪抢险的报导。
在这些令人鼓舞的方面,世界所看到的中国人的团结,是最熟悉的很少带有令人惊
叹的特点。由于毁灭性的灾难正困扰四川,中国人现在就“向内转变”是健康的。
不幸的灾难,突然让奥运会都变得不是非常重要了,甚至政府官方都承认了这一
点,缩小了火炬传递规模,而圣火的海外传递是如此不顺,国内传递又是如此大受欢
迎。
文章最后说,中国不需要再向世界證明什麽了。通过四川的悲剧来看中国人民,它已
经充分證实了自己。
BEIJING
On my street last week, the Communist Party's neighborhood committee moved old computers out of its storage room to make way for donated materials bound for
earthquake victims 2,000 miles away. Within 12 hours, the space was crammed with clothes and blankets.
All across China, images of mass destruction and individual courage have inspired ordinary citizens to donate money, material and sweat to earthquake victims in the
remote foothills of the Himalayas. This national sense of purpose might look similar to the response of average Americans after Hurricane Katrina battered New Orleans,
but what's happening in China is new and significant.
This marks the first time in recent history that ordinary Chinese have participated in a national movement that was not a protest against something -- usually a foreign
power. Until now, China has defined itself in terms of "Us vs. Them." Today, it's "Us Without Them." The change could have a profound and positive impact on this summer's
Olympics in Beijing -- and on China's self-confidence for years to come.
Until the quake on May 12, the dominant mood in China was one of frustration. Citizens had seen this summer's Olympics in Beijing as an affirmation of China's progress.
But everywhere they looked, the world blamed their country for something: its support for the regime in Sudan; its suppression of anti-government protests in Tibet; its
dispatch of People's Armed Police cadets to protect the Olympic torch overseas. China was even faulted for Burma's unwillingness to accept foreign aid after a typhoon
struck it two weeks ago. Few Chinese have problems with these policies, and most felt that the world had violated a compact: The Olympics were supposed to elicit praise,
not condemnation.
Those feelings of betrayal are summed up in a hugely popular poem that popped up on the Internet in March, called "Chinese Grievances." The verses come across as an
eloquent but passive-aggressive rant: "When we closed our doors, you launched the Opium War to open our markets./When we embraced free trade, you blamed us for
stealing your jobs." (See complete poem at right.)
China's sensitivity to the attitudes of foreigners is nothing new. For the past decade, mass expressions of national cohesion have always derived from a shared sense of
victimhood at the hands of other countries. Young Chinese united to protest against the United States for bombing China's embassy in Belgrade in 1999 (accidentally, says
Washington) and after a collision between a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet in 2001; against Japan several times, most recently in 2005 in remembrance of
atrocities committed in China a half-century ago; and against France because of pro-Tibet demonstrations that disrupted the journey of the Olympic torch.
The Tiananmen Square uprising of 1989 was a rare exception, as much of China united against the government instead of a foreign power. But the focal point of the nation's
cohesion was still opposition, and afterward, the government accused "foreign elements" of hoodwinking Chinese students into a plot to divide and weaken the country.
Go back further in time, and the pattern holds. All Chinese schoolchildren learn that modern China was born during a nationwide student movement that began in May 1919
to protest the Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I and turned Germany's colonial holdings in China over to Japan instead of restoring them to Beijing's control. In
the century before that, European powers started various wars against China to control parts of the country, including Hong Kong, which the Qing emperor ceded to Britain
"in perpetuity" in 1842.
No one questions China's suffering at the hands of colonial powers. Yet China won't emerge as a confident, modern nation until it knocks the historical chip off its shoulder,
and that won't happen until it generates a sense of national unity from within. The earthquake in Sichuan was nothing if not tragic, but its long-term effects may prove
beneficial, even cathartic, as they help China shape its modern identity without resorting to foreign scapegoats.
For one thing, many Chinese draw genuine pride from their government's response, at least so far. The quake hit one of China's most remote and inaccessible regions.
Local officials stayed on the job, put preexisting emergency plans into operation and coordinated their activities far better than might have been expected in a developing
country -- or many developed ones. At the scene, the encouragement that Premier Wen Jiabao shouted through a bullhorn and whispered to survivors, at one point telling
terrified orphans that the government would care for them, struck a Bill Clinton-like note.
For another, China's media have used their expanding freedoms to deliver stories of heartbreak and relief without turning the rescue effort into a flag-waving propaganda
exercise -- at least not yet. One hopes that this new spirit of openness will enable China's journalists to investigate possibly shoddy construction and whether the troops
dispatched to the region were properly equipped. Nonetheless, what I saw on Chinese TV last week was far superior to the coverage of flood relief on the Yangtze River 10
years ago, which was cynically marshaled to burnish the reputation of the People's Liberation Army.
These encouraging aspects of Chinese unity have become visible to a world that is most familiar with less admirable characteristics, such as the nation's inability to
understand why Tibetans might have their own poetic list of grievances. Given the devastation afflicting Sichuan, it's healthy for the Chinese to turn inward right now.
Suddenly, not even the Olympics look very important. Even the government has recognized this by scaling back the torch relay, which had been so maligned overseas and
so triumphal at home. China shouldn't need to prove anything to the world anymore. By seeing its people through the Sichuan tragedy, it has proven enough to itself.
forney.commentary@gmail.com
Matthew Forney, a former Beijing bureau chief for Time, is writing a book about raising his family in China.
World of China: Middle Kingdom: 004-009: 2008-05-12 02:28 PM Sichuan Earthquake, China: Historical Tremors 歷史的震動 历史的震动 By Simon Winchester Published: May 15, 2008
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災難是如何提升中國自信的 (Chinese Traditional Version)
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灾难是如何提升中国自信的 (Chinese Simplified Version)
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